Laboratoire Evolution et Diversite Biologique

Recherches 

Depuis 2001 

• Diversité génétique et histoire évolutive chez Antirrhinum majus (collaboration avec Christophe ANDALO, Benoit PUJOL, Christophe THEBAUT -permanants EDB- ainsi qu’Emmanuelle TASTARD et Aurélie KHIMOUN -doctorants EDB-, Ferran PALERO, Valencia)

• Phylogéographie d’Antirrhinum majus : cas des populations des Pyrénées (collaboration avec Pablos VARGAS et coll., RJB Madrid) ; Programme SYNTHESYS ES-TAF-617

• Evolution et Spéciation chez Antirrhinum : étude d’une zone hybride et mise en évidence du rôle des pollinisateurs (collaboration avec Enrico COEN et coll., JIC Norwich)

• Diversité génétique du genevrier thurifère (en collaboration avec Jocelyne CAMBECEDES, Conservatoire National Botanique des Pyrénées) ; Programme DIREN ‘Etudes préalables à la définition d’un plan de conservation des populations pyrénéennes de Genévrier thurifère (Juniperus thurifera L.)

• Caractérisation et bioproduction d’alcaloïdes à intêret pharmaceutique chez Leucojum aestivum (en collaboration avec Marina STANILOVA et Atanas PAVLOV, Académie des Sciences Bulgares) ; Programme OTAN Science for Peace n°974453 ’Development of alternative approaches to alkaloid production of economically valuable but threatened medicinal plants from Bulgaria’

Enseignement

Co-responsable du Master 2 pro Gestion de la biodiversité, UPS

Parcours professionnel

• Depuis 2001 Maître de Conférences (67e section) UMR Evolution et Diversité Biologique Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse

• 1993 / 2001 Maître de Conférences (65e section) Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne

• 1991 / 1993 Chercheur post-doctoral Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du C. N. R. S., Strasbourg

• 1987 / 1991 Doctorant sous contrat privé ENSA, Toulouse - Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Des Moines, Ia (USA)

Bibliographie

Sélection d’articles récents

Flower colour variation across a hybrid zone in Antirrhinum as percieved by bumblebee pollinators

Arthropod-Plant Interact (2008) 2 : 237-246

Tastard E., Andalo C., Giurfa M., Burrus M., Thebaud C.

To assess if pollinators’ behaviour could explain the maintenance of hybrid zones between different flower colour morphs, we analyzed flower colour variation in an Antirrhinum hybrid zone using spectrometry and a model of bee perception. Some colours generated by hybridization were not observed in any Antirrhinum species and even appeared to be rare among angiosperms. Variation in flower colours within the hybrid zone was continuous ; the most similar colours were predicted not to be discriminated from one another in natural foraging situations. However, when compared at a scale corresponding to bees’ foraging range, some flower colours could be discriminated from all colours displayed by neighbouring plants. This could affect pollinator behaviour and explain lower visitation rates within the centre of the hybrid zone. Behavioural studies involving bumblebees and plant mixtures of parental and hybrid flower colours carefully characterized with appropriate visual models will be necessary to test this hypothesis.

Post-pollination barriers do not explain the persistence of two distinct Antirrhinum subspecies with parapatric distribution

Plant Systematics & Evolution (2010) 286 : 223-234
Andalo C., Cruzan MB., Cazettes C., Pujol B., Burrus M., Thebaud C.

Empirical studies of post-pollination barriers to gene flow between recently diverged plant species are important to understand ecological processes underlying speciation. Using greenhouse and common garden experiments, we investigated the strength of post-pollination barriers that restrict or prevent gene flow between two subspecies of Antirrhinum : Antirrhinum majus pseudomajus and A. m. striatum. The two are distributed parapatrically but share the same major pollinators (bumblebees), and form narrow hybrid zone in many areas of southern France and northern Spain where they come into close contact. We assessed the strength and symmetry of mating barriers and their homogeneity among populations by comparing fruit set, seed set and offspring performances between intra- and inter-subspecific crosses performed in parental and hybrid populations. Although all populations showed high levels of self-incompatibility, we found very little evidence for barriers to gene flow once pollen had been transferred to the stigma. We suggest that reproductive isolation in this system mostly involves barriers related to processes occurring before pollination, with little or no role of post-pollination barriers.

Locally asymmetric introgressions between subspecies suggest circular range expansion at the Antirrhinum majus global scale

Journal of Evolutionnary Biology (2011) 24 : 1433-1441
Khimoun A., Burrus M., Andalo C., Liu ZL, Vicedo-Cazettes C, Thebaud C., Pujol B.

Assessing processes of geographic expansion in contact zones is a crucial step towards an accurate prediction of the evolution of species genetic diversity. The geographic distribution of cytonuclear discordance often reflects genetic introgression patterns across a species geographic range. Antirrhinum majus pseudomajus and A. m. striatum are two interfertile subspecies that occupy nonoverlapping areas but enter in contact in many locations at the margin of their geographic distribution. We found that genetic introgression between both subspecies was asymmetric at the local scale and geographically oriented in opposite directions at both ends of their contact zone perimeter in the Pyrenees. Our results suggest that the geographic expansion of A. majus subspecies was circular around the perimeter of their contact zone and pinpoint the need to integrate different spatial scales to unravel complex patterns of species geographic expansion.

Autres depuis 2005

• Bogdanova Y ., Stoeva T., Yanev S., Pandova B., Molle E., Burrus M., Stanilova M. (2009) Influence of plant origin on propagation capacity and alkaloid biosynthesis during long term in vitro cultivation of Leucojum aestivum. In vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Plant

• Berkov S., Pavlov A., Georgiev V., Bastida J., Burrus M., Ilieva M, Codina C. (2009). Alakloid synthesis and accumulation in Leucojum aestivum in vitro cultures. Nat. Prod Commun 4:359-364

• Pavlov A., Berkov S., Courot E., Gocheva T., Tuneva D., Pandova B., Georgiev M., Yanev S., Burrus M., Illieva M. (2007) Galanthamine production by Leucojum aestivum in vitro systems. Process Biochemistry 42 : 734-739

• Georgiev V, Berkov S, Georgiev M., Burrus M., Codina C., Bastida J.,Ilieva M., Pavlov A. (2009) Galanthamine production in Leucojum aestivum in vitro shoot system : nutrient medium optimisation. Z. Naturforschung C 64 : 219 – 224

• Valat L., Fuchs M. Burrus M. (2006) Transgenic grapevine rootstock clones expressing the coat protein or movement protein genes of Grapevine fanleaf virus : characterization and reaction to virus infection upon protoplast electroporation. Plant Science 170 : 739-747

• Cambecèdes J., Gauquelin T., Roques A., Thebaud C., Burrus M., Gardes M., Gryta H., Joachim J., Bertaudière V., Renaux T., Largier G. (2005) Approche intégrée de la conservation des populations pyrénéennes de genevrier thurifère. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse et de Midi-Pyrénées. 141-2 : 189-195

• Berkov S, Pavlov A, Ilieva M, Burrus M., Popov S, Stanilova M. (2005) CGC-MS of alkaloids in Leucojum aestivum plants and their in vitro cultures. Phytochemical Analysis 16 : 98-103